Regular and irregular past participles
Regular past participles
Most past participles are regular. The patterns for regular past participles are the following:
-ar verbs: simply drop the infinitive ending and replace it by -ado.
-er verbs: drop the infinitive ending and replace it by -ido.
-ir verbs: drop the infinitive ending and replace it by -ido.
* hablar -- hablado (spoken)
He hablado con tu madre. I have spoken to your mother.
* comer -- comido (eaten)
¿Has comido galletas? Have you eaten some biscuits?
* vivir -- vivido (lived)
Hemos vivido en España durante 8 años. We have lived in Spain for 8 years.
Note: Most -er and -ir verbs with a vowel (not applies for verbs ending in -uir) immediately preceding the infinitive ending add an accent mark over the i of the past participle ending –ido (-ído)
creer creído believed
caer caído fallen
leer leído read .
traer traído brought
oír oído heard
poseer poseído possessed
sonreír sonreído smiled
¿Has traído un regalo? Have you brought a present?
Han leído nuestra carta. They have read our letter.
Irregular past participles
Some past participles are irregular. Most of them end in -to.
abrir abierto opened
cubrir cubierto covered
devolver devuelto returned
escribir escrito written
freír frito fried
imprimir imprimido/impreso printed
morir muerto dead
poner puesto put, placed
resolver resuelto resolved
romper roto broken, torn
ver visto seen
volver vuelto returned
describir descrito described
descubrir descubierto discovered
disolver disuelto dissolved
envolver envuelto wrapped
proveer provisto provided
pudrir podrido rotten
Two of the most common past participles ending in -cho.
decir dicho said
hacer hecho done
Examples:
¿Has escrito la carta? Have you written the letter?
Yo no he abierto esa ventana. I haven´t opened that window.
Antonio me ha dicho que vendrá mañana. Antonio has told me he will come tomorrow.
Los plátanos se han podrido. Bananas have rotten.
¿Dónde has puesto mi abrigo? Where have you put my coat?
